Good communication, respecting the sender’s and recipient’s perspective, is demanding. In a doctor-patient/parent relationship, communication must lead to the successful transmission of information concerning a diagnosis or a treatment. The aim of communication is to share and understand a meaning or to “make things common”. While this review cannot fully cover all these aspects, it may encourage the reader to confront this sensitive topic, and to identify one’s own strengths and limitations. The topic is enormously comprehensive and touches language, culture, faith, and general ethics. While there is a lot of literature on intercultural communication from the field of business management and at least some literature from nursing, there is very little data on intercultural communication from the pediatric medical profession. To communicate efficiently with patients of foreign origin is a major task today. Intercultural communication is crucial in this context and is becoming increasingly important. Cultural differences in the understanding and acceptance of illness, traditions, and different expectations of the healthcare system also make it difficult to treat these patients well. The limited resources available in terms of personnel, training budgets, and time, as well as language barriers on both sides, make it difficult to provide optimal intercultural patient care. A multicultural society places new demands on healthcare workers, especially in the hospital, where care is particularly personal and unavoidable. Health-related quality of life has been shown to be worse in children of non-Western origin with kidney failure, despite living in Western European countries. Literature shows that insufficient language skills and cultural barriers negatively affect care for migrants resulting in reduced access, higher hospitalization rates, increased risk of permanent damage, and limited health knowledge. Culture and ethnicity can cause difficulties in establishing a sustainable doctor–patient relationship. Among other things, this fact entails the need to provide healthcare and education to meet the needs of daily life for these people in their new home. Proportionally, 21% of the residents in Europe and 13% in the USA are migrants or have a migration background. As of January 1, 2020, almost 37 million of the European Union’s 447.3 million residents were born outside the EU. Almost 272 million people, or about 3% of the world’s population, live outside the country in which they were born. Migration is an important issue that affects all areas of public life.
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